foundry_evm_fuzz/strategies/

param.rs

use super::{UintStrategy, state::DictionaryRead};
use crate::{
    invariant::SenderFilters,
    strategies::mutators::{
        BitMutator, GaussianNoiseMutator, IncrementDecrementMutator, InterestingWordMutator,
    },
};
use alloy_dyn_abi::{DynSolType, DynSolValue, Word};
use alloy_primitives::{Address, B256, I256, U256};
use proptest::{prelude::*, strategy::ValueTree, test_runner::TestRunner};
use rand::{SeedableRng, prelude::IndexedMutRandom, rngs::StdRng};
use std::mem::replace;

/// The max length of arrays we fuzz for is 256.
const MAX_ARRAY_LEN: usize = 256;

/// Given a parameter type, returns a strategy for generating values for that type.
///
/// See [`fuzz_param_with_fixtures`] for more information.
pub fn fuzz_param(param: &DynSolType) -> BoxedStrategy<DynSolValue> {
    fuzz_param_inner(param, None)
}

/// Given a parameter type and configured fixtures for param name, returns a strategy for generating
/// values for that type.
///
/// Fixtures can be currently generated for uint, int, address, bytes and
/// string types and are defined for parameter name.
/// For example, fixtures for parameter `owner` of type `address` can be defined in a function with
/// a `function fixture_owner() public returns (address[] memory)` signature.
///
/// Fixtures are matched on parameter name, hence fixtures defined in
/// `fixture_owner` function can be used in a fuzzed test function with a signature like
/// `function testFuzz_ownerAddress(address owner, uint amount)`.
///
/// Raises an error if all the fixture types are not of the same type as the input parameter.
///
/// Works with ABI Encoder v2 tuples.
pub fn fuzz_param_with_fixtures(
    param: &DynSolType,
    fixtures: Option<&[DynSolValue]>,
    name: &str,
) -> BoxedStrategy<DynSolValue> {
    fuzz_param_inner(param, fixtures.map(|f| (f, name)))
}

fn fuzz_param_inner(
    param: &DynSolType,
    mut fuzz_fixtures: Option<(&[DynSolValue], &str)>,
) -> BoxedStrategy<DynSolValue> {
    if let Some((fixtures, name)) = fuzz_fixtures
        && !fixtures.iter().all(|f| f.matches(param))
    {
        error!("fixtures for {name:?} do not match type {param}");
        fuzz_fixtures = None;
    }
    let fuzz_fixtures = fuzz_fixtures.map(|(f, _)| f);

    let value = || {
        let default_strategy = DynSolValue::type_strategy(param);
        if let Some(fixtures) = fuzz_fixtures {
            proptest::prop_oneof![
                50 => {
                    let fixtures = fixtures.to_vec();
                    any::<prop::sample::Index>()
                        .prop_map(move |index| index.get(&fixtures).clone())
                },
                50 => default_strategy,
            ]
            .boxed()
        } else {
            default_strategy.boxed()
        }
    };

    match *param {
        DynSolType::Address => value(),
        DynSolType::Int(n @ 8..=256) => super::IntStrategy::new(n, fuzz_fixtures)
            .prop_map(move |x| DynSolValue::Int(x, n))
            .boxed(),
        DynSolType::Uint(n @ 8..=256) => super::UintStrategy::new(n, fuzz_fixtures)
            .prop_map(move |x| DynSolValue::Uint(x, n))
            .boxed(),
        DynSolType::Function | DynSolType::Bool => DynSolValue::type_strategy(param).boxed(),
        DynSolType::Bytes => value(),
        DynSolType::FixedBytes(_size @ 1..=32) => value(),
        DynSolType::String => {
            let default_strategy = DynSolValue::type_strategy(param).prop_map(move |value| {
                DynSolValue::String(
                    value.as_str().unwrap().trim().trim_end_matches('\0').to_string(),
                )
            });
            if let Some(fixtures) = fuzz_fixtures {
                let fixtures = fixtures.to_vec();
                proptest::prop_oneof![
                    50 => any::<prop::sample::Index>()
                        .prop_map(move |index| index.get(&fixtures).clone()),
                    50 => default_strategy,
                ]
                .boxed()
            } else {
                default_strategy.boxed()
            }
        }
        DynSolType::Tuple(ref params) => params
            .iter()
            .map(|param| fuzz_param_inner(param, None))
            .collect::<Vec<_>>()
            .prop_map(DynSolValue::Tuple)
            .boxed(),
        DynSolType::FixedArray(ref param, size) => {
            proptest::collection::vec(fuzz_param_inner(param, None), size)
                .prop_map(DynSolValue::FixedArray)
                .boxed()
        }
        DynSolType::Array(ref param) => {
            proptest::collection::vec(fuzz_param_inner(param, None), 0..MAX_ARRAY_LEN)
                .prop_map(DynSolValue::Array)
                .boxed()
        }
        _ => panic!("unsupported fuzz param type: {param}"),
    }
}

/// Given a parameter type, returns a strategy for generating values for that type, given some EVM
/// fuzz state.
///
/// Works with ABI Encoder v2 tuples.
pub(crate) fn fuzz_param_from_state(
    param: &DynSolType,
    state: &impl DictionaryRead,
) -> BoxedStrategy<DynSolValue> {
    // Value strategy that uses the state.
    let value = || {
        let state = state.clone();
        let param = param.clone();
        // Generate a bias and use it to pick samples or non-persistent values (50 / 50).
        // Use `Index` instead of `Selector` when selecting a value to avoid iterating over the
        // entire dictionary.
        any::<(bool, prop::sample::Index)>().prop_map(move |(bias, index)| {
            state.with_dictionary(|dict| {
                let values = if bias { dict.samples(&param) } else { None }
                    .unwrap_or_else(|| dict.values())
                    .as_slice();
                values[index.index(values.len())]
            })
        })
    };

    // Convert the value based on the parameter type
    match *param {
        DynSolType::Address => {
            let deployed_libs = state.deployed_libs().to_vec();
            value()
                .prop_map(move |value| {
                    let mut fuzzed_addr = Address::from_word(value);
                    if deployed_libs.contains(&fuzzed_addr) {
                        let mut rng = StdRng::seed_from_u64(0x1337); // use deterministic rng

                        // Do not use addresses of deployed libraries as fuzz input, instead return
                        // a deterministically random address. We cannot filter out this value (via
                        // `prop_filter_map`) as proptest can invoke this closure after test
                        // execution, and returning a `None` will cause it to panic.
                        // See <https://github.com/foundry-rs/foundry/issues/9764> and <https://github.com/foundry-rs/foundry/issues/8639>.
                        loop {
                            fuzzed_addr.randomize_with(&mut rng);
                            if !deployed_libs.contains(&fuzzed_addr) {
                                break;
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    DynSolValue::Address(fuzzed_addr)
                })
                .boxed()
        }
        DynSolType::Function => value()
            .prop_map(move |value| {
                DynSolValue::Function(alloy_primitives::Function::from_word(value))
            })
            .boxed(),
        DynSolType::FixedBytes(size @ 1..=32) => value()
            .prop_map(move |mut v| {
                v[size..].fill(0);
                DynSolValue::FixedBytes(B256::from(v), size)
            })
            .boxed(),
        DynSolType::Bool => DynSolValue::type_strategy(param).boxed(),
        DynSolType::String => {
            let state = state.clone();
            (proptest::bool::weighted(0.3), any::<prop::sample::Index>())
                .prop_flat_map(move |(use_ast, select_index)| {
                    if let Some(value) = state.with_dictionary(|dict| {
                        // AST string literals available: 30% probability
                        let ast_strings = dict.ast_strings();
                        if use_ast && !ast_strings.is_empty() {
                            let s = &ast_strings.as_slice()[select_index.index(ast_strings.len())];
                            return Some(DynSolValue::String(s.clone()));
                        }
                        None
                    }) {
                        return Just(value).boxed();
                    }

                    // Fallback to random string generation
                    DynSolValue::type_strategy(&DynSolType::String)
                        .prop_map(|value| {
                            DynSolValue::String(
                                value.as_str().unwrap().trim().trim_end_matches('\0').to_string(),
                            )
                        })
                        .boxed()
                })
                .boxed()
        }
        DynSolType::Bytes => {
            let state_clone = state.clone();
            (
                value(),
                proptest::bool::weighted(0.1),
                proptest::bool::weighted(0.2),
                any::<prop::sample::Index>(),
            )
                .prop_map(move |(word, use_ast_string, use_ast_bytes, select_index)| {
                    if let Some(value) = state_clone.with_dictionary(|dict| {
                        // Try string literals as bytes: 10% chance
                        let ast_strings = dict.ast_strings();
                        if use_ast_string && !ast_strings.is_empty() {
                            let s = &ast_strings.as_slice()[select_index.index(ast_strings.len())];
                            return Some(DynSolValue::Bytes(s.as_bytes().to_vec()));
                        }

                        // Try hex literals: 20% chance
                        let ast_bytes = dict.ast_bytes();
                        if use_ast_bytes && !ast_bytes.is_empty() {
                            let bytes = &ast_bytes.as_slice()[select_index.index(ast_bytes.len())];
                            return Some(DynSolValue::Bytes(bytes.to_vec()));
                        }
                        None
                    }) {
                        return value;
                    }

                    // Fallback to the generated word from the dictionary: 70% chance
                    DynSolValue::Bytes(word.0.into())
                })
                .boxed()
        }
        DynSolType::Int(n @ 8..=256) => match n / 8 {
            32 => value()
                .prop_map(move |value| DynSolValue::Int(I256::from_raw(value.into()), 256))
                .boxed(),
            1..=31 => value()
                .prop_map(move |value| {
                    // Extract lower N bits
                    let uint_n = U256::from_be_bytes(value.0) % U256::from(1).wrapping_shl(n);
                    // Interpret as signed int (two's complement) --> check sign bit (bit N-1).
                    let sign_bit = U256::from(1) << (n - 1);
                    let num = if uint_n >= sign_bit {
                        // Negative number in two's complement
                        let modulus = U256::from(1) << n;
                        I256::from_raw(uint_n.wrapping_sub(modulus))
                    } else {
                        // Positive number
                        I256::from_raw(uint_n)
                    };

                    DynSolValue::Int(num, n)
                })
                .boxed(),
            _ => unreachable!(),
        },
        DynSolType::Uint(n @ 8..=256) => match n / 8 {
            32 => value()
                .prop_map(move |value| DynSolValue::Uint(U256::from_be_bytes(value.0), 256))
                .boxed(),
            1..=31 => value()
                .prop_map(move |value| {
                    let uint = U256::from_be_bytes(value.0) % U256::from(1).wrapping_shl(n);
                    DynSolValue::Uint(uint, n)
                })
                .boxed(),
            _ => unreachable!(),
        },
        DynSolType::Tuple(ref params) => params
            .iter()
            .map(|p| fuzz_param_from_state(p, state))
            .collect::<Vec<_>>()
            .prop_map(DynSolValue::Tuple)
            .boxed(),
        DynSolType::FixedArray(ref param, size) => {
            proptest::collection::vec(fuzz_param_from_state(param, state), size)
                .prop_map(DynSolValue::FixedArray)
                .boxed()
        }
        DynSolType::Array(ref param) => {
            proptest::collection::vec(fuzz_param_from_state(param, state), 0..MAX_ARRAY_LEN)
                .prop_map(DynSolValue::Array)
                .boxed()
        }
        _ => panic!("unsupported fuzz param type: {param}"),
    }
}

/// Selects a random address for mutation, respecting sender filters if provided.
///
/// Priority:
/// 1. If `senders` has targeted addresses, pick randomly from those
/// 2. Otherwise, pick from the dictionary state values (excluding any in `senders.excluded`)
/// 3. Returns `None` if no suitable address is found or if the selected address equals `current`
fn select_random_address(
    current: Address,
    test_runner: &mut TestRunner,
    state: &impl DictionaryRead,
    senders: Option<&SenderFilters>,
) -> Option<Address> {
    if let Some(senders) = senders {
        if !senders.targeted.is_empty() {
            // Pick from targeted senders
            let index = test_runner.rng().random_range(0..senders.targeted.len());
            let addr = senders.targeted[index];
            return (addr != current).then_some(addr);
        }

        // Pick from dictionary state values, excluding addresses in the exclusion list
        state.with_dictionary(|dict| {
            let values = dict.values();
            if values.is_empty() {
                return None;
            }

            // Try a few times to find a non-excluded address
            for _ in 0..10 {
                let index = test_runner.rng().random_range(0..values.len());
                let addr = Address::from_word(values[index]);
                if addr != current && !senders.excluded.contains(&addr) {
                    return Some(addr);
                }
            }
            None
        })
    } else {
        // No sender filters, just pick from dictionary state values
        state.with_dictionary(|dict| {
            let values = dict.values();
            if values.is_empty() {
                None
            } else {
                let index = test_runner.rng().random_range(0..values.len());
                let addr = Address::from_word(values[index]);
                (addr != current).then_some(addr)
            }
        })
    }
}

/// Mutates the current value of the given parameter type and value.
pub(crate) fn mutate_param_value(
    param: &DynSolType,
    value: DynSolValue,
    test_runner: &mut TestRunner,
    state: &impl DictionaryRead,
) -> DynSolValue {
    mutate_param_value_inner(param, value, test_runner, state, None)
}

fn mutate_param_value_inner(
    param: &DynSolType,
    value: DynSolValue,
    test_runner: &mut TestRunner,
    state: &impl DictionaryRead,
    senders: Option<&SenderFilters>,
) -> DynSolValue {
    let new_value = |param: &DynSolType, test_runner: &mut TestRunner| {
        fuzz_param_from_state(param, state)
            .new_tree(test_runner)
            .expect("Could not generate case")
            .current()
    };

    match value {
        DynSolValue::Bool(val) => {
            // flip boolean value
            trace!(target: "mutator", "Bool flip {val}");
            Some(DynSolValue::Bool(!val))
        }
        DynSolValue::Uint(val, size) => match test_runner.rng().random_range(0..=6) {
            0 => U256::increment_decrement(val, size, test_runner),
            1 => U256::flip_random_bit(val, size, test_runner),
            2 => U256::mutate_interesting_byte(val, size, test_runner),
            3 => U256::mutate_interesting_word(val, size, test_runner),
            4 => U256::mutate_interesting_dword(val, size, test_runner),
            5 => U256::mutate_with_gaussian_noise(val, size, test_runner),
            6 => None,
            _ => unreachable!(),
        }
        .map(|v| DynSolValue::Uint(v, size)),
        DynSolValue::Int(val, size) => match test_runner.rng().random_range(0..=6) {
            0 => I256::increment_decrement(val, size, test_runner),
            1 => I256::flip_random_bit(val, size, test_runner),
            2 => I256::mutate_interesting_byte(val, size, test_runner),
            3 => I256::mutate_interesting_word(val, size, test_runner),
            4 => I256::mutate_interesting_dword(val, size, test_runner),
            5 => I256::mutate_with_gaussian_noise(val, size, test_runner),
            6 => None,
            _ => unreachable!(),
        }
        .map(|v| DynSolValue::Int(v, size)),
        DynSolValue::Address(val) => match test_runner.rng().random_range(0..=5) {
            0 => Address::flip_random_bit(val, 20, test_runner),
            1 => Address::mutate_interesting_byte(val, 20, test_runner),
            2 => Address::mutate_interesting_word(val, 20, test_runner),
            3 => Address::mutate_interesting_dword(val, 20, test_runner),
            // Replace with a random address from targeted senders or dictionary.
            4 => select_random_address(val, test_runner, state, senders),
            5 => None,
            _ => unreachable!(),
        }
        .map(DynSolValue::Address),
        DynSolValue::Array(mut values) => {
            if let DynSolType::Array(param_type) = param
                && !values.is_empty()
            {
                match test_runner.rng().random_range(0..=2) {
                    // Decrease array size by removing a random element.
                    0 => {
                        values.remove(test_runner.rng().random_range(0..values.len()));
                    }
                    // Increase array size.
                    1 => values.push(new_value(param_type, test_runner)),
                    // Mutate random array element.
                    2 => mutate_random_array_value(
                        &mut values,
                        param_type,
                        test_runner,
                        state,
                        senders,
                    ),
                    _ => unreachable!(),
                }
                Some(DynSolValue::Array(values))
            } else {
                None
            }
        }
        DynSolValue::FixedArray(mut values) => {
            if let DynSolType::FixedArray(param_type, _size) = param
                && !values.is_empty()
            {
                mutate_random_array_value(&mut values, param_type, test_runner, state, senders);
                Some(DynSolValue::FixedArray(values))
            } else {
                None
            }
        }
        DynSolValue::FixedBytes(word, size) => match test_runner.rng().random_range(0..=4) {
            0 => Word::flip_random_bit(word, size, test_runner),
            1 => Word::mutate_interesting_byte(word, size, test_runner),
            2 => Word::mutate_interesting_word(word, size, test_runner),
            3 => Word::mutate_interesting_dword(word, size, test_runner),
            4 => None,
            _ => unreachable!(),
        }
        .map(|word| DynSolValue::FixedBytes(word, size)),
        DynSolValue::CustomStruct { name, prop_names, tuple: mut values } => {
            if let DynSolType::CustomStruct { name: _, prop_names: _, tuple: tuple_types }
            | DynSolType::Tuple(tuple_types) = param
                && !values.is_empty()
            {
                // Mutate random struct element.
                mutate_random_tuple_value(&mut values, tuple_types, test_runner, state, senders);
                Some(DynSolValue::CustomStruct { name, prop_names, tuple: values })
            } else {
                None
            }
        }
        DynSolValue::Tuple(mut values) => {
            if let DynSolType::Tuple(tuple_types) = param
                && !values.is_empty()
            {
                // Mutate random tuple element.
                mutate_random_tuple_value(&mut values, tuple_types, test_runner, state, senders);
                Some(DynSolValue::Tuple(values))
            } else {
                None
            }
        }
        _ => None,
    }
    .unwrap_or_else(|| new_value(param, test_runner))
}

/// Mutates random value from given tuples.
fn mutate_random_tuple_value(
    tuple_values: &mut [DynSolValue],
    tuple_types: &[DynSolType],
    test_runner: &mut TestRunner,
    state: &impl DictionaryRead,
    senders: Option<&SenderFilters>,
) {
    let id = test_runner.rng().random_range(0..tuple_values.len());
    let param_type = &tuple_types[id];
    let old_val = replace(&mut tuple_values[id], DynSolValue::Bool(false));
    let new_val = mutate_param_value_inner(param_type, old_val, test_runner, state, senders);
    tuple_values[id] = new_val;
}

/// Mutates random value from given array.
fn mutate_random_array_value(
    array_values: &mut [DynSolValue],
    element_type: &DynSolType,
    test_runner: &mut TestRunner,
    state: &impl DictionaryRead,
    senders: Option<&SenderFilters>,
) {
    let elem = array_values.choose_mut(&mut test_runner.rng()).unwrap();
    let old_val = replace(elem, DynSolValue::Bool(false));
    let new_val = mutate_param_value_inner(element_type, old_val, test_runner, state, senders);
    *elem = new_val;
}

/// Returns a proptest strategy for generating random msg.value for payable functions.
///
/// Most calls carry no value. The configured non-zero percent delegates to [`UintStrategy`],
/// which biases toward edge cases (around 0 / max) and dictionary fixtures, with
/// random fallback. Over-budget values are clamped to sender balance at execute time.
pub fn fuzz_msg_value(payable_value_weight: u32) -> BoxedStrategy<Option<U256>> {
    match payable_value_weight.min(100) {
        0 => proptest::strategy::Just(None).boxed(),
        100 => UintStrategy::new(256, None).prop_map(Some).boxed(),
        payable_value_weight => proptest::prop_oneof![
            100 - payable_value_weight => proptest::strategy::Just(None),
            payable_value_weight       => UintStrategy::new(256, None).prop_map(Some),
        ]
        .boxed(),
    }
}

/// Generates a msg.value for payable functions using `TestRunner`'s RNG (corpus mutation path).
///
/// Mirrors [`fuzz_msg_value`] by sampling from [`UintStrategy`]. The configured mutation gate is
/// applied at the call site in `corpus.rs`. Over-budget values are clamped to sender
/// balance at execute time.
pub fn generate_msg_value(test_runner: &mut TestRunner) -> U256 {
    UintStrategy::new(256, None)
        .new_tree(test_runner)
        .expect("UintStrategy::new_tree is infallible")
        .current()
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use crate::{
        FuzzFixtures,
        strategies::{EvmFuzzState, fuzz_calldata, fuzz_calldata_from_state},
    };
    use alloy_dyn_abi::{DynSolType, DynSolValue};
    use alloy_primitives::{B256, U256};
    use foundry_common::abi::get_func;
    use foundry_config::FuzzDictionaryConfig;
    use proptest::{
        strategy::{Strategy, ValueTree},
        test_runner::TestRunner,
    };
    use revm::database::{CacheDB, EmptyDB};
    use std::collections::HashSet;

    #[test]
    fn payable_value_weight_controls_non_zero_msg_value() {
        use super::fuzz_msg_value;

        let cfg = proptest::test_runner::Config { failure_persistence: None, ..Default::default() };
        let mut runner = proptest::test_runner::TestRunner::new(cfg);

        for _ in 0..32 {
            assert!(fuzz_msg_value(0).new_tree(&mut runner).unwrap().current().is_none());
            assert!(fuzz_msg_value(100).new_tree(&mut runner).unwrap().current().is_some());
            assert!(fuzz_msg_value(250).new_tree(&mut runner).unwrap().current().is_some());
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn can_fuzz_array() {
        let f = "testArray(uint64[2] calldata values)";
        let func = get_func(f).unwrap();
        let state = EvmFuzzState::test();
        let strategy = proptest::prop_oneof![
            60 => fuzz_calldata(func.clone(), &FuzzFixtures::default()),
            40 => fuzz_calldata_from_state(func, &state, &FuzzFixtures::default()),
        ];
        let cfg = proptest::test_runner::Config { failure_persistence: None, ..Default::default() };
        let mut runner = proptest::test_runner::TestRunner::new(cfg);
        let _ = runner.run(&strategy, |_| Ok(()));
    }

    #[test]
    fn can_fuzz_from_zero_capacity_dictionary() {
        let state = EvmFuzzState::new(
            &[],
            &CacheDB::<EmptyDB>::default(),
            FuzzDictionaryConfig { max_fuzz_dictionary_values: 0, ..Default::default() },
            None,
        );
        let strategy = super::fuzz_param_from_state(&DynSolType::Uint(256), &state);
        let mut runner = TestRunner::default();

        assert_eq!(
            strategy.new_tree(&mut runner).unwrap().current(),
            DynSolValue::Uint(U256::ZERO, 256)
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn string_fixtures_are_emitted_verbatim() {
        let fixture = DynSolValue::String("  padded fixture  \0".to_string());
        let strategy = super::fuzz_param_with_fixtures(
            &DynSolType::String,
            Some(std::slice::from_ref(&fixture)),
            "value",
        );
        let mut runner = TestRunner::deterministic();

        let emitted =
            (0..1000).any(|_| strategy.new_tree(&mut runner).unwrap().current() == fixture);

        assert!(emitted, "string fixture was never emitted verbatim");
    }

    #[test]
    fn can_fuzz_string_and_bytes_with_ast_literals_and_hashes() {
        use super::fuzz_param_from_state;
        use crate::strategies::LiteralMaps;
        use alloy_dyn_abi::DynSolType;
        use alloy_primitives::keccak256;
        use proptest::strategy::Strategy;

        // Seed dict with string values and their hashes --> mimic `CheatcodeAnalysis` behavior.
        let mut literals = LiteralMaps::default();
        literals.strings.insert("hello".to_string());
        literals.strings.insert("world".to_string());
        literals.words.entry(DynSolType::FixedBytes(32)).or_default().insert(keccak256("hello"));
        literals.words.entry(DynSolType::FixedBytes(32)).or_default().insert(keccak256("world"));

        let mut state = EvmFuzzState::test();
        state.seed_literals(literals);

        let cfg = proptest::test_runner::Config { failure_persistence: None, ..Default::default() };
        let mut runner = proptest::test_runner::TestRunner::new(cfg);

        // Verify strategies generates the seeded AST literals
        let mut generated_bytes = HashSet::new();
        let mut generated_hashes = HashSet::new();
        let mut generated_strings = HashSet::new();
        let bytes_strategy = fuzz_param_from_state(&DynSolType::Bytes, &state);
        let string_strategy = fuzz_param_from_state(&DynSolType::String, &state);
        let bytes32_strategy = fuzz_param_from_state(&DynSolType::FixedBytes(32), &state);

        for _ in 0..256 {
            let tree = bytes_strategy.new_tree(&mut runner).unwrap();
            if let Some(bytes) = tree.current().as_bytes()
                && let Ok(s) = std::str::from_utf8(bytes)
            {
                generated_bytes.insert(s.to_string());
            }

            let tree = string_strategy.new_tree(&mut runner).unwrap();
            if let Some(s) = tree.current().as_str() {
                generated_strings.insert(s.to_string());
            }

            let tree = bytes32_strategy.new_tree(&mut runner).unwrap();
            if let Some((bytes, size)) = tree.current().as_fixed_bytes()
                && size == 32
            {
                generated_hashes.insert(B256::from_slice(bytes));
            }
        }

        assert!(generated_bytes.contains("hello"));
        assert!(generated_bytes.contains("world"));
        assert!(generated_strings.contains("hello"));
        assert!(generated_strings.contains("world"));
        assert!(generated_hashes.contains(&keccak256("hello")));
        assert!(generated_hashes.contains(&keccak256("world")));
    }

    #[test]
    fn mutate_address_can_select_from_dictionary() {
        use super::mutate_param_value;
        use alloy_dyn_abi::{DynSolType, DynSolValue};
        use alloy_primitives::Address;

        let mut state = EvmFuzzState::test();

        // Add addresses to dictionary via state values.
        let addr1 = Address::repeat_byte(0x11);
        let addr2 = Address::repeat_byte(0x22);
        let addr3 = Address::repeat_byte(0x33);
        state.collect_values([addr1.into_word(), addr2.into_word(), addr3.into_word()]);

        let cfg = proptest::test_runner::Config { failure_persistence: None, ..Default::default() };
        let mut runner = proptest::test_runner::TestRunner::new(cfg);

        // Mutate an address many times and verify we can get addresses from the dictionary.
        let original = Address::repeat_byte(0xff);
        let mut got_addr1 = false;
        let mut got_addr2 = false;
        let mut got_addr3 = false;

        for _ in 0..1000 {
            let mutated = mutate_param_value(
                &DynSolType::Address,
                DynSolValue::Address(original),
                &mut runner,
                &state,
            );
            if let DynSolValue::Address(addr) = mutated {
                if addr == addr1 {
                    got_addr1 = true;
                }
                if addr == addr2 {
                    got_addr2 = true;
                }
                if addr == addr3 {
                    got_addr3 = true;
                }
            }
            if got_addr1 && got_addr2 && got_addr3 {
                break;
            }
        }

        // We should have seen at least one dictionary address in 1000 iterations.
        assert!(
            got_addr1 || got_addr2 || got_addr3,
            "Address mutation should select addresses from dictionary"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn mutate_address_prefers_targeted_senders() {
        use super::select_random_address;
        use crate::invariant::SenderFilters;
        use alloy_primitives::Address;

        let mut state = EvmFuzzState::test();

        // Add addresses to dictionary (these should NOT be selected when targeted is set).
        let dict_addr = Address::repeat_byte(0xdd);
        state.collect_values([dict_addr.into_word()]);

        // Set up targeted senders.
        let targeted1 = Address::repeat_byte(0x11);
        let targeted2 = Address::repeat_byte(0x22);
        let senders = SenderFilters::new(vec![targeted1, targeted2], vec![]);

        let cfg = proptest::test_runner::Config { failure_persistence: None, ..Default::default() };
        let mut runner = proptest::test_runner::TestRunner::new(cfg);

        // Call select_random_address directly to verify it uses targeted senders.
        let original = Address::repeat_byte(0xff);
        let mut got_targeted1 = false;
        let mut got_targeted2 = false;
        let mut got_dict = false;

        for _ in 0..100 {
            if let Some(addr) = select_random_address(original, &mut runner, &state, Some(&senders))
            {
                if addr == targeted1 {
                    got_targeted1 = true;
                }
                if addr == targeted2 {
                    got_targeted2 = true;
                }
                if addr == dict_addr {
                    got_dict = true;
                }
            }
        }

        // Should see targeted addresses, never dictionary address.
        assert!(
            got_targeted1 || got_targeted2,
            "select_random_address should select from targeted senders"
        );
        assert!(
            !got_dict,
            "select_random_address should not select from dictionary when targeted senders are set"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn mutate_address_respects_excluded_senders() {
        use super::select_random_address;
        use crate::invariant::SenderFilters;
        use alloy_primitives::Address;

        let mut state = EvmFuzzState::test();

        // Add addresses to dictionary.
        let addr1 = Address::repeat_byte(0x11);
        let addr2 = Address::repeat_byte(0x22);
        let excluded_addr = Address::repeat_byte(0xee);
        state.collect_values([addr1.into_word(), addr2.into_word(), excluded_addr.into_word()]);

        // Exclude one address.
        let senders = SenderFilters::new(vec![], vec![excluded_addr]);

        let cfg = proptest::test_runner::Config { failure_persistence: None, ..Default::default() };
        let mut runner = proptest::test_runner::TestRunner::new(cfg);

        // Call select_random_address directly to verify it respects excluded senders.
        let original = Address::repeat_byte(0xff);
        let mut got_excluded = false;
        let mut got_valid = false;

        for _ in 0..100 {
            if let Some(addr) = select_random_address(original, &mut runner, &state, Some(&senders))
            {
                if addr == excluded_addr {
                    got_excluded = true;
                    break;
                }
                if addr == addr1 || addr == addr2 {
                    got_valid = true;
                }
            }
        }

        assert!(!got_excluded, "select_random_address should not select excluded addresses");
        assert!(got_valid, "select_random_address should select valid (non-excluded) addresses");
    }
}