Using Cheatcodes

ℹ️ Info To use cheatcodes you need to add snforge_std package as a dependency in your Scarb.toml using appropriate release tag.

[dev-dependencies]
snforge_std = { git = "https://github.com/foundry-rs/starknet-foundry.git", tag = "v0.9.0" }

When testing smart contracts, often there are parts of code that are dependent on a specific blockchain state. Instead of trying to replicate these conditions in tests, you can emulate them using cheatcodes.

The Test Contract

In this tutorial, we will be using the following Starknet contract:

#[starknet::interface]
trait IHelloStarknet<TContractState> {
    fn increase_balance(ref self: TContractState, amount: felt252);
    fn get_balance(self: @TContractState) -> felt252;
    fn get_block_number_at_construction(self: @TContractState) -> u64;
    fn get_block_timestamp_at_construction(self: @TContractState) -> u64;
}

#[starknet::contract]
mod HelloStarknet {

    use box::BoxTrait;
    use starknet::{Into, get_caller_address};

    #[storage]
    struct Storage {
        balance: felt252,
        blk_nb: u64,
        blk_timestamp: u64,
    }

    #[constructor]
    fn constructor(ref self: ContractState) {
        // store the current block number
        self.blk_nb.write(starknet::get_block_info().unbox().block_number);
        // store the current block timestamp
        self.blk_timestamp.write(starknet::get_block_info().unbox().block_timestamp);
    }

    #[abi(embed_v0)]
    impl IHelloStarknetImpl of super::IHelloStarknet<ContractState> {
        // Increases the balance by the given amount.
        fn increase_balance(ref self: ContractState, amount: felt252) {
            assert_is_allowed_user();
            self.balance.write(self.balance.read() + amount);
        }
        // Gets the balance.
        fn get_balance(self: @ContractState) -> felt252 {
            self.balance.read()
        }
        // Gets the block number
        fn get_block_number_at_construction(self: @ContractState) -> u64 {
            self.blk_nb.read()
        }
        // Gets the block timestamp
        fn get_block_timestamp_at_construction(self: @ContractState) -> u64 {
            self.blk_timestamp.read()
        }
    }

    fn assert_is_allowed_user() {
        // checks if caller is '123'
        let address = get_caller_address();
        assert(address.into() == 123, 'user is not allowed');
    }
}

Please note that this contract example is a continuation of the same contract as in the Testing Smart Contracts page.

Writing Tests

We can try to create a test that will increase and verify the balance.

#[test]
fn call_and_invoke() {
    // ...

    let balance = dispatcher.get_balance();
    assert(balance == 0, 'balance == 0');

    dispatcher.increase_balance(100);

    let balance = dispatcher.get_balance();
    assert(balance == 100, 'balance == 100');
}

However, when running this test, we will get a failure with a message

$ snforge test
Collected 1 test(s) from package_name package
Running 0 test(s) from src/
Running 1 test(s) from tests/
[FAIL] tests::call_and_invoke

Failure data:
    0x75736572206973206e6f7420616c6c6f776564 ('user is not allowed')

Tests: 0 passed, 1 failed, 0 skipped, 0 ignored, 0 filtered out

Failures:
    tests::call_and_invoke

Our user validation is not letting us call the contract, because the default caller address is not 123.

Using Cheatcodes in Tests

By using cheatcodes, we can change various properties of transaction info, block info, etc. For example, we can use the start_cheat_caller_address cheatcode to change the caller address, so it passes our validation.

Cheating an Address

use snforge_std::{ declare, ContractClassTrait, start_cheat_caller_address };

#[test]
fn call_and_invoke() {
    let contract = declare("HelloStarknet").unwrap();
    let (contract_address, _) = contract.deploy(@ArrayTrait::new()).unwrap();
    let dispatcher = IHelloStarknetDispatcher { contract_address };

    let balance = dispatcher.get_balance();
    assert(balance == 0, 'balance == 0');

    // Change the caller address to 123 when calling the contract at the `contract_address` address
    start_cheat_caller_address(contract_address, 123.try_into().unwrap());

    dispatcher.increase_balance(100);

    let balance = dispatcher.get_balance();
    assert(balance == 100, 'balance == 100');
}

The test will now pass without an error

$ snforge test
Collected 1 test(s) from package_name package
Running 0 test(s) from src/
Running 1 test(s) from tests/
[PASS] tests::call_and_invoke
Tests: 1 passed, 0 failed, 0 skipped, 0 ignored, 0 filtered out

Canceling the Cheat

Most cheatcodes come with corresponding start_ and stop_ functions that can be used to start and stop the state change. In case of the start_cheat_caller_address, we can cancel the address change using stop_cheat_caller_address

use snforge_std::{stop_cheat_caller_address};

#[test]
fn call_and_invoke() {
    // ...

    // The address when calling contract at the `contract_address` address will no longer be changed
    stop_cheat_caller_address(contract_address);

    // This will fail
    dispatcher.increase_balance(100);

    let balance = dispatcher.get_balance();
    assert(balance == 100, 'balance == 100');
}

$ snforge test
Collected 1 test(s) from package_name package
Running 0 test(s) from src/
Running 1 test(s) from tests/
[FAIL] tests::call_and_invoke, 0 ignored, 0 filtered out

Failure data:
    0x75736572206973206e6f7420616c6c6f776564 ('user is not allowed')

Tests: 0 passed, 1 failed, 0 skipped, 0 ignored, 0 filtered out

Failures:
    tests::call_and_invoke

Cheating the Constructor

Most of the cheatcodes like cheat_caller_address, mock_call, cheat_block_timestamp, cheat_block_number, elect do work in the constructor of the contracts.

Let's say, that you have a contract that saves the caller address (deployer) in the constructor, and you want it to be pre-set to a certain value.

To cheat_caller_address the constructor, you need to start_cheat_caller_address before it is invoked, with the right address. To achieve this, you need to precalculate the address of the contract by using the precalculate_address function of ContractClassTrait on the declared contract, and then use it in start_cheat_caller_address as an argument:

use snforge_std::{ declare, ContractClassTrait, start_cheat_caller_address };

#[test]
fn mock_constructor_with_cheat_caller_address() {
    let contract = declare("HelloStarknet").unwrap();
    let constructor_arguments = @ArrayTrait::new();

    // Precalculate the address to obtain the contract address before the constructor call (deploy) itself
    let contract_address = contract.precalculate_address(constructor_arguments);

    // Change the caller address to 123 before the call to contract.deploy
    start_cheat_caller_address(contract_address, 123.try_into().unwrap());

    // The constructor will have 123 set as the caller address
    contract.deploy(constructor_arguments).unwrap();
}

Setting Cheatcode Span

Sometimes it's useful to have a cheatcode work only for a certain number of target calls.

That's where CheatSpan comes in handy.

enum CheatSpan {
    Indefinite: (),
    TargetCalls: usize,
}

To set span for a cheatcode, use cheat_caller_address / cheat_block_timestamp / cheat_block_number / etc.

cheat_caller_address(contract_address, new_caller_address, CheatSpan::TargetCalls(1))

Calling a cheatcode with CheatSpan::TargetCalls(N) is going to activate the cheatcode for N calls to a specified contract address, after which it's going to be automatically canceled.

Of course the cheatcode can still be canceled before its CheatSpan goes down to 0 - simply call stop_cheat_caller_address on the target manually.

ℹ️ Info

Using start_cheat_caller_address is equivalent to using cheat_caller_address with CheatSpan::Indefinite.

To better understand the functionality of CheatSpan, here's a full example:

use snforge_std::{
    declare, ContractClass, ContractClassTrait, cheat_caller_address, CheatSpan
};

#[test]
#[feature("safe_dispatcher")]
fn call_and_invoke() {
    let contract = declare("HelloStarknet").unwrap();
    let (contract_address, _) = contract.deploy(@ArrayTrait::new()).unwrap();
    let safe_dispatcher = IHelloStarknetSafeDispatcher { contract_address };

    let balance = safe_dispatcher.get_balance().unwrap();
    assert_eq!(balance, 0);

    // Function `increase_balance` from HelloStarknet contract
    // requires the caller_address to be 123
    let cheat_caller_addressed_address: ContractAddress = 123.try_into().unwrap();

    // Change the caller address for the contract_address for a span of 2 target calls (here, calls to contract_address)
    cheat_caller_address(contract_address, cheat_caller_addressed_address, CheatSpan::TargetCalls(2));

    // Call #1 should succeed
    let call_1_result = safe_dispatcher.increase_balance(100);
    assert!(call_1_result.is_ok());

    // Call #2 should succeed
    let call_2_result = safe_dispatcher.increase_balance(100);
    assert!(call_2_result.is_ok());

    // Call #3 should fail, as the cheat_caller_address cheatcode has been canceled
    let call_3_result = safe_dispatcher.increase_balance(100);
    assert!(call_3_result.is_err());

    let balance = safe_dispatcher.get_balance().unwrap();
    assert_eq!(balance, 200);
}